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Common Water Contaminants &
How to Remove Them

Water Quality Issues in Greater Boston

Whether your home relies on a private well or municipal water supply, chances are your water contains more than just H₂O. Invisible contaminants — from hard minerals and iron to bacteria, chlorine, and even emerging pollutants like PFAS — can negatively impact your water’s taste, safety, and long-term effects on plumbing and appliances.

At Clear Water, we believe that all Greater Boston should have access to clean water. That’s why we’ve created this guide to help you understand what contaminants might be in your water and what water treatment systems are best for removing each type.

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Why Water Contaminants Are a Big Deal

Many contaminants aren’t visible to the naked eye, and some — like hard water minerals — may not pose health risks but can cause serious long-term damage to your plumbing, fixtures, and water-using appliances. Others, such as bacteria, nitrates, or PFAS, can directly affect your health.

Water quality also affects:

Common Residential Water Contaminants in Greater Boston

Here are the concerns we deal with the most often in Greater Boston water supplies, along with the signs to watch for and how each one is typically treated.

Signs: Cloudy or gritty water, clogged aerators or showerheads

Risks: Damage to fixtures and water-using appliances

Solution: Use a sediment pre-filter or multi-stage whole-house filtration system

Signs: White scale buildup, poor soap lather, dry skin and hair, appliance wear

Risks: Reduced water heater efficiency, clogged pipes, shortened appliance lifespan

Solution: Install a salt-based water softener for complete mineral removal

Signs: Orange or rust-colored stains in toilets, sinks, and showers; metallic taste

Risks: Stained laundry and fixtures, clogged plumbing

Solution: Use a whole-house iron filter with air injection, oxidizing media, or greensand

Signs: Rotten egg smell, black or oily stains

Risks: Unpleasant water for drinking or bathing, possible corrosion

Solution: Install a whole-house filtration system with air injection, catalytic carbon, or chemical-free oxidation

Signs: No visible signs. Only detectable through lab testing

Risks: Health concerns, especially for children and pregnant women (nitrates), or long-term toxin exposure (PFAS)

Solution: Opt for a reverse osmosis system under the sink paired with a whole-house filter. Specialty cartridges or resin media are recommended for targeted removal.

Signs: Rarely visible; identified through lab or well water testing

Risks: Gastrointestinal illness, especially dangerous for infants and immunocompromised individuals

Solution: Install a UV disinfection system for chemical-free, 99.99% microbial inactivation

Testing Your Water is the First Step

This not only ensures you avoid overpaying for unnecessary equipment — it also ensures that the treatment system you choose is effective at addressing the contaminants that are in your water.

Our team handles the water testing process and reviews the results with you. From there, we help you navigate your available solutions and make a choice that works for your home and your budget.

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